Structural analysis of beams


MATLAB / Structural Engineering / Computational Analysis



A MATLAB tool for computing shear force, bending moment, and deflection of beams under arbitrary loading conditions.

BITS Pilani, Academic Project

Beams are among the most fundamental structural elements in engineering. They resist loads primarily through bending, and understanding their behavior under different loading conditions is essential for safe design. I built a standalone MATLAB application that computes shear force diagrams, bending moment diagrams, and deflected shapes for any beam type under any combination of loads. This design-oriented project was supervised by Dr. Dipendu Bhunia.

Role

Development, Structural Analysis

Tools

MATLAB, MATLAB GUI

Scope

All standard beam types and loading conditions

Context

Design-oriented project, BITS Pilani

A

The problem

When a beam carries a load, internal forces develop along its length. Shear forces act perpendicular to the beam's axis, and bending moments cause the beam to curve. Calculating these values by hand is tedious, error-prone, and impractical for complex loading scenarios. At the time, few accessible tools existed that could handle arbitrary combinations of beam types and loads with a simple interface.

Beam types supported

  1. Simply supported: resting on two end supports, free to rotate

  2. Fixed: both ends restrained from rotation

  3. Overhanging: extending beyond one or both supports

  4. Continuous: spanning more than two supports

  5. Cantilever: fixed at one end, free at the other

  6. Trussed: reinforced with cables or rods forming a truss

B

Computational analysis

The software takes beam dimensions, support conditions, and loading parameters as input, then computes the complete structural response. For any configuration, it generates shear force diagrams, bending moment diagrams, and the deflected shape of the beam.

Point loading

A concentrated force applied at a specific location along the beam. The software computes the resulting internal forces and plots the shear and moment distribution.

Shear force and bending moment diagrams under point load
[fig 1] Output for a simply supported beam under point loading: shear force diagram, bending moment diagram, and deflected shape.

Uniform loading

A distributed force spread evenly across the beam's span. This is the most common loading condition in real structures, representing floor loads, snow loads, or self-weight.

Shear force and bending moment diagrams under uniform load
[fig 2] Output for a simply supported beam under uniform loading.
C

User interface

Beyond the computational engine, I built a graphical interface in MATLAB that allows users to input beam parameters, select loading conditions, and view results without writing any code. The goal was to make structural analysis accessible to students and engineers who needed quick answers without setting up complex simulations.

MATLAB GUI for beam analysis
[fig 3] The GUI allows users to configure beam type, dimensions, and loading, then view computed results instantly.
D

Outcome

The tool successfully handles cantilever, simply supported, and other standard beam types under arbitrary loading combinations. At the time it was built, it was among the few tools that provided this level of analysis with such a straightforward interface.

The project was an exercise in combining structural engineering theory with computational thinking. It reinforced a principle that has guided my work since: complex domains become more accessible when you build the right tools around them.